This article reports the case of a patient with advanced low-grade sarcoma with uncertain histopathological diagnosis. Next-generation sequencing detected CARS-ALK fusion, which allowed for successful treatment using ALK inhibitors.

This report underscores the importance of genetic analysis of serial biopsies to capture the dynamic therapeutic vulnerabilities within a patient's tumor, while providing a perspective on the complexity of ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment sequencing. Two cases are presented to illustrate the experiences of patients with advanced ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer, including the effect on their quality of life and the need for holistic care.

Carcinoma of unknown primary is defined as a malignant tumor for which the primary site of origin cannot be determined, making targeted treatment impossible. This article reports the case of a patient with carcinoma of unknown primary who received targeted therapy according to genetic testing results with good therapeutic effect.

The case of a patient with aggressive thymoma is described, including the genotyping results of her tumor, the functional and clinical significance of the mutations in her cancer, and the implications for managing patients with advanced BRCA-mutant thymomas.

This article presents the case of patient with advanced non-small cell lung cancer harboring an EGFR-G719A mutation treated with afatinib and reviews the literature regarding the use of first-, second-, and third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors in this patient population.

Growing evidence supports gene fusions as good candidates for molecularly targeted therapy in colorectal cancer. This article describes a case of a patient who had a radical right hemicolectomy procedure and suggests that there is value in treating patients harboring EGFR fusions with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy and that EGFR-SEPT14 fusion may be used as a therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.

Advanced detection technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, make possible the identification of rare variants of EGFR. This case report describes a patient with lung adenocarcinoma harboring a rare EGFR-RAD51 fusion, with results that might help establish personalized treatment approaches for patients with rare EGFR fusions.

This study performed cancer personalized profiling by deep sequencing (CAPP-Seq) with circulating tumor DNA, a ctDNA-based form of targeted next-generation sequencing, to identify somatic mutations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) positive for activating mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene at the time of disease progression during treatment with first-generation (gefitinib or erlotinib) or second-generation (afatinib) EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinomas are rare tumors with no standard treatment. This article presents a case of recurrent nasoethmoidal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma with a mutation in the KRAS exon 2 codon 12. This case exemplifies how liquid biopsy can aid in the correct and real-time molecular characterization of tumors even in a rare non-metastatic cancer of the head and neck.

Currently, effective target therapy that can prolong the overall survival of patients with recurrent glioblastoma is limited. This case report describes the promising treatment of a patient with recurrent GBM with an FGFR3-TACC3 fusion treated with anlotinib.

This article reviews the clinical significance of IDH mutations in terms of their molecular specificity to certain histologies, including biliary tract cancers and describes the use of comprehensive genomic profiling as a diagnostic tool. It presents the case of a man for whom comprehensive genomic profiling identified an IDH1 mutation, prompting a second biopsy that revealed pancreaticobiliary adenocarcinoma instead of the originally diagnosed metastatic duodenal adenocarcinoma.

This article reports the case of a patient with aggressive estrogen receptor-positive, KRAS-mutated ovarian cancer who achieved a remarkable response to combination therapy with the MEK inhibitor trametinib and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole, despite earlier failures of treatment with other combination inhibitor treatment. This article focuses on the possibility that subtle variations in mechanisms of action of outwardly similar regimens may have major effects on patient outcomes.

This report describes a patient with testicular cancer who was refractory to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. After confirmation of a KRAS gene amplification, treatment with paclitaxel, carboplatin, and sorafenib was started, and response was promising.